• xii. myles from Chestre, nominate Bangour, [Bradshaw]
  • From Bardeney to Gloucetur , there to be tumulate: [Bradshaw]
  • Called Caeruska / by britons had in mynde, [Bradshaw]
  • And of Caerleil also named by the kynge. [Bradshaw]
  • In cellers and lowe voultes / and halles of realte [Bradshaw]
  • Why and wherfore she came to Chestre towne, [Bradshaw]
  • And how she was receyued at Chestre citie; [Bradshaw]
  • Of the fyrst foundacion of towne and the place; [Bradshaw]
  • Of his comyng to Chestre / of his great honour; [Bradshaw]
  • This virgin shewed within Chestre cite, [Bradshaw]
  • Howe the people of Hambury brought the shryne to Chestre / and of the solemne receuyung of it by all the inhabitauntes of Chesshyre. [Bradshaw]
  • And brynge it to Chestre from perill and enmyte. [Bradshaw]
  • Came to-warde Chester with diligence and honour - [Bradshaw]
  • Welcome, swete patronesse, to Chestre cite! [Bradshaw]
  • Welcome to this towne, for euer to endure!' [Bradshaw]
  • Agaynst her comynge into Chestre cite [Bradshaw]
  • Into the cite with humble reuerence, [Bradshaw]
  • In procession they passed all in to the towne, [Bradshaw]
  • Within all the cite, as our lordes wyll was. [Bradshaw]
  • From Hambury abbay vnto Chestre cite [Bradshaw]
  • A litel descripcion of the foundacion of Chestre / and of the abbay-churche within the sayd cite / where ye holy shryne by grace remayneth. [Bradshaw]
  • A litel descripcion of the foundacion of Chestre / and of the abbay-churche within the sayd cite / where ye holy shryne by grace remayneth. [Bradshaw]
  • Another cite of legions we may fynde also [Bradshaw]
  • Called Caerlleon of britons longe ago, [Bradshaw]
  • The cite of Chestre edified for to be [Bradshaw]
  • Ampliat and walled strongly Chestre cite [Bradshaw]
  • This 'cite of legions', so called by the Romans, [Bradshaw]
  • Cestria quasi castria / of honour and pleasance: [Bradshaw]
  • Vnto the sayd Chestre all northwales subiect were [Bradshaw]
  • Pastures / feeldes / commons / the cite to auaunce, [Bradshaw]
  • Namely in Chestre by grace continuall abidynge. [Bradshaw]
  • Certaynly, sith baptym came to Chestre cite, [Bradshaw]
  • Of the monasterie within the sayd cite [Bradshaw]
  • Whiche churche was principall to all the citie, [Bradshaw]
  • The faith of holy churche remayned at chestre cite [Bradshaw]
  • In the cite of legions was truely remanent, [Bradshaw]
  • xii. myles from Chestre, nominate Bangour, [Bradshaw]
  • Saynt Austin approched the cite of legions, [Bradshaw]
  • Of Angles and saxons within the sayd cite, [Bradshaw]
  • The cite encreased in worshyp and ryches; [Bradshaw]
  • In sondrie places within the sayd towne. [Bradshaw]
  • Was brought to Chestre for our consolacion, [Bradshaw]
  • At saint Iohans churche without the sayd cite, [Bradshaw]
  • Was tranlate to the myddes of the sayd cite; [Bradshaw]
  • Reedified Chestre / and fortified it full ryght, [Bradshaw]
  • Also she enlarged this sayd old cite [Bradshaw]
  • Of the notable myracles of saynt Werburge shewed in the tyme of chanons / and fyrst howe she saued Chester from distruction of walshemen. [Bradshaw]
  • In the cite of Chestre / whan her shryne was present, [Bradshaw]
  • To Chestre: was nye the tyme of Edwarde seniour, [Bradshaw]
  • The cite of Chestre to spoyle and distrye. [Bradshaw]
  • Well armed and strongely approchyng the cite, [Bradshaw]
  • This kynge layd siege vnto Chestre cite [Bradshaw]
  • That of the cite / they had no maner of syght; [Bradshaw]
  • Departed from the cite without any praye, [Bradshaw]
  • Howe saynt Werburgesaued Chestrefrom innumberable barbarike nacions / purposynge to distroye and spoyle the sayd cite. [Bradshaw]
  • Came to spoyle Chestre, to robbe it and distry, [Bradshaw]
  • They set theyr ordinaunce agaynst the towne [Bradshaw]
  • As the kynges were sautynge this forsayd cite, [Bradshaw]
  • Departed from the cite with theyr company; [Bradshaw]
  • Within the same cite afore the abbay-gate [Bradshaw]
  • Done in Chestre cite by Werburge theyr patronesse. [Bradshaw]
  • A certayne younge man dwelled in the cite, [Bradshaw]
  • A brefe rehersall of certayne kynges / and how kyng Edgare came to Chestre. Also howe Leofric, Erle of Chestre, repared diuers churches. [Bradshaw]
  • Kynge Edgare approched the cite of legions, [Bradshaw]
  • At the cite of Chestre of his great goodnes [Bradshaw]
  • The mynstre of Werburge within the sayd towne, [Bradshaw]
  • Also the see of Lichfelde was translate to Chester, [Bradshaw]
  • To come to Chestre at his peticion [Bradshaw]
  • Came vnto Chestre with gladde chere shortly: [Bradshaw]
  • Afore the sayd cite a hundreth yere and one. [Bradshaw]
  • Howe a great fire, like to distroye all Chestre, by myracle ceased / whan the holy shryne was borne about the towne by the monkes. [Bradshaw]
  • Howe a great fire, like to distroye all Chestre, by myracle ceased / whan the holy shryne was borne about the towne by the monkes. [Bradshaw]
  • The citezens were redy their cite to succour, [Bradshaw]
  • Beholdyng the daunger and perill of the cite; [Bradshaw]
  • As to the quantite, the cite of Chestire [Bradshaw]
  • That tyme was brent the more part of the towne; [Bradshaw]
  • Compasyng the fyre in euery strete and place, [Bradshaw]
  • Chestre from distruction in extreme necessite. [Bradshaw]
  • A breue rehersall of the myracles of saynt Werburge after her translacion to Chestre [Bradshaw]
  • Sith that saynt Werburge came to Chestre cite, [Bradshaw]
  • The sayd towne from fire in extreme necessite; [Bradshaw]
  • Churches were edified with feruent deuocion [Bradshaw]
  • Churche / house / and wall, decayed piteousle. [Bradshaw]
  • A brefe rehersall of certayne kynges / and how kyng Edgare came to Chestre. Also howe Leofric, Erle of Chestre, repared diuers churches. [Bradshaw]
  • Churches and chapels went to great decay: [Bradshaw]
  • Pastures / feeldes / commons / the cite to auaunce, [Bradshaw]
  • Also founder was of the abbay in couentre , [Bradshaw]
  • Of newe she edified Runcorn and Edisbury. [Bradshaw]
  • Pastures / feeldes / commons / the cite to auaunce, [Bradshaw]
  • Woddes / parkes / forestes / and beestis of venare, [Bradshaw]
  • He was fettred and brought to the gebbet by and by [Bradshaw]
  • And lyght vpon the gebbet immediatly; [Bradshaw]
  • Vpon the sayd gebbet hanged hym agayne. [Bradshaw]
  • From Bardeney to Gloucetur , there to be tumulate: [Bradshaw]
  • Where she edified a noble monastery, [Bradshaw]
  • The mancions and halles edified rialle [Bradshaw]
  • The way to heuen it declareth ryght sure [Bradshaw]
  • By the towne of Herforde and the place of Wenlecence . [Bradshaw]
  • Theyr tentes rially in hoole heth were pyght. [Bradshaw]
  • Eche house like a toure, somtyme of great pleasure. [Bradshaw]
  • Churche / house / and wall, decayed piteousle. [Bradshaw]
  • Piteously wastyng hous / chambre / and hall; [Bradshaw]
  • Some pulled downe howses afore the fire, truly. [Bradshaw]
  • Riche marchauntes houses brought to distruction, [Bradshaw]
  • A legion of knyghtes / for to subdue Irelande; [Bradshaw]
  • xvi. yere of age / coronate at Kyngston, [Bradshaw]
  • Also he founded the monastery of Leonence , [Bradshaw]
  • Translate to Lichefelde the se of Canturbury; [Bradshaw]
  • Also the see of Lichfelde was translate to Chester, [Bradshaw]
  • Victorious and liberall / coronate at London. [Bradshaw]
  • At London was set the chiefe archebisshops se, [Bradshaw]
  • Ethelstan his sonne was coronate at London [Bradshaw]
  • Was coronate at London / made saxons all bonde. [Bradshaw]
  • A generall counsell was celebrate at London, [Bradshaw]
  • Descended from London to wynne the sayd counte. [Bradshaw]
  • Sende for saynt Anselme vnto London, [Bradshaw]
  • Saynt Anselme departed thence vnto London [Bradshaw]
  • By the towne of Herforde and the place of Wenlecence . [Bradshaw]
  • Vnto the sayd Chestre all northwales subiect were [Bradshaw]
  • Woddes / parkes / forestes / and beestis of venare, [Bradshaw]
  • Pastures / feeldes / commons / the cite to auaunce, [Bradshaw]
  • Waters / pooles / pondes of fysshe great plente; [Bradshaw]
  • The comynge of danes vnto Repton, [Bradshaw]
  • Feruently flagrant / empeiryng the empire: [Bradshaw]
  • Like as the faith of Peter neuer fayled at Rome. [Bradshaw]
  • Gaue Peter pens vnto the court of Rome; [Bradshaw]
  • More pite of Rome cite was manyfolde, [Bradshaw]
  • Of newe she edified Runcorn and Edisbury. [Bradshaw]
  • By faith to god professed was all Wales and scotlande. [Bradshaw]
  • As Staforde / Warwike / Thomwort / and Shirisbury ; [Bradshaw]
  • The belles were tolled for ioy of this thyng. [Bradshaw]
  • Within the same cite afore the abbay-gate [Bradshaw]
  • Closed at euery ende with a sure postron , [Bradshaw]
  • And of the great compas of the sayd abbay, [Bradshaw]
  • Of their lyues desperate / but for the shryne specially, [Bradshaw]
  • To take the shryne with great humilite [Bradshaw]
  • Salutynge the shryne with honour victoriall, [Bradshaw]
  • Mekely submytted them-selfe to the shryne, [Bradshaw]
  • Also ouer the shryne was prepared a canaby [Bradshaw]
  • This riall relique to the moost noble place [Bradshaw]
  • A litel descripcion of the foundacion of Chestre / and of the abbay-churche within the sayd cite / where ye holy shryne by grace remayneth. [Bradshaw]
  • The relique, the shryne full memoratyue [Bradshaw]
  • Many riall gyftes of Iewels to the shrine, [Bradshaw]
  • In the cite of Chestre / whan her shryne was present, [Bradshaw]
  • Toke the holy shryne of theyr patrones , [Bradshaw]
  • And he that smote the holy shryne, doubtles, [Bradshaw]
  • The deuout chanons sette the holy shryne [Bradshaw]
  • Smote this riall relique with a stone in his rancour, [Bradshaw]
  • Went all to the shryne the virgin thankyng; [Bradshaw]
  • Howe a great fire, like to distroye all Chestre, by myracle ceased / whan the holy shryne was borne about the towne by the monkes. [Bradshaw]
  • Toke the holy shryne in prayer and deuocion, [Bradshaw]
  • Nat passyng the place / where the holy shryne [Bradshaw]
  • Vnto her shryne the people all went, [Bradshaw]
  • Sith the holy shryne came to their presence, [Bradshaw]
  • As Staforde / Warwike / Thomwort / and Shirisbury ; [Bradshaw]
  • As Staforde / Warwike / Thomwort / and Shirisbury ; [Bradshaw]
  • The monasteries of Werburge / Trentam & Wedon, [Bradshaw]
  • By faith to god professed was all Wales and scotlande. [Bradshaw]
  • And them expulsed to wales and wylde countre, [Bradshaw]
  • Betwene Englande and Wales a sure diuision. [Bradshaw]
  • As Staforde / Warwike / Thomwort / and Shirisbury ; [Bradshaw]
  • Waters / pooles / pondes of fysshe great plente; [Bradshaw]
  • The monasteries of Werburge / Trentam & Wedon, [Bradshaw]
  • Like-wyse as in her lyfe at Wedon / at Hambury - [Bradshaw]
  • Were named walshemen, in the montaynes segregate, [Bradshaw]
  • Woddes / parkes / forestes / and beestis of venare, [Bradshaw]
  • The thyrde was at yorke, all subiect to the britons. [Bradshaw]
  • Ejus gens sequitur multum mores Babylonis, [Higden]
  • Its people follow greatly the customs of Babylon, [Higden]
  • Cestria de castro nomen quasi Castria sumpsit, [Higden]
  • In muris pendent lapides velut Herculis actus, [Higden]
  • Stones are supported in walls like a deed of Hercules, [Higden]
  • si uero flectit ad dexteram alter locus, quem uocant incole, Veterem Vadum; [Lucian]
  • if he turns to the right, another place appears which they call the Old Ford; [Lucian]
  • et a meridiano latere receptorium nauium ab Aquitania, Hispania, Hibernia, Germania uenientium, [Lucian]
  • and, in the south, a port for ships coming from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany, [Lucian]
  • Quae in occiduis Britannie posita, [Lucian]
  • ut et Britannia benedictum in nomine Domini crederet [Lucian]
  • Placed in western Britain [Lucian]
  • so that Britain can believe itself blessed by God [Lucian]
  • quod michi ante menses aliquot, ex duricia diuitum tribulanti, tripliciter in ciuitate trisillaba contulisti. [Lucian]
  • Cestria trisillaba est. [Lucian]
  • etiam interpretari cepi mecum trisillabum tue ciuitatis uocabulum, [Lucian]
  • Ciuitas nostra trisillaba est; igitur interpretemur. [Lucian]
  • capitalem prouincie locum utinam possem preconio ad homines, prece ad Deum, clarissime comendare. [Lucian]
  • qui cuitatem tuam primus instituit, [Lucian]
  • Unde Cestria prima interpretacio: literatus episcopus, liberalis archidiaconus, lucidus clerus. [Lucian]
  • Igitur ex usu longo et Dei dono tripliciter se ostendit Cestria, [Lucian]
  • si terret et turbat hostis incursio, urbis impressio, plebis euersio, [Lucian]
  • ad terciam interpretacionem nostre Cestrie ueniamus. [Lucian]
  • ipse nostram nunc pascit et Cestriam, [Lucian]
  • Set ne ultra differam et totam inferam tertia consonancia nominis Cestrie et ipsa ex trina constat euidentia [Lucian]
  • Tercia interpretacio Cestrie. [Lucian]
  • De situ Cestrie. [Lucian]
  • Speculum sibi est Cestria. [Lucian]
  • Que, a uentis quattuor, portas quattuor habens: [Lucian]
  • Habet preterea nostra Cestria ex Dei munere, ditantem atque decorantem amnem secus urbis muros pulchrum atque piscosum, [Lucian]
  • De plateis Cestrie. [Lucian]
  • Hoc simul intuendum quam congrue in medio urbis, parili positione cunctorum, forum uoluit esse uenalium rerum, [Lucian]
  • Agnosce Cestria tesaurum gracie creditum caritati tue! [Lucian]
  • Perpende o dilecta ciuitas fauorem Patris Aeterni, [Lucian]
  • Ecce enim ciuitatem nostram, ut predictum est, sanctis seruatoribus uelut quadruplici sorte commissam, ab oriente suscepit clementia Domini Precursoris; ab occidente celestis potencia Ianitoris; ad aquilonem uigil Virginis pulcritudo; ad meridiem mira Angeli claritudo. [Lucian]
  • Plures sancti Cestriam seruant, omnes beniuoli, set quattuor inducuntur propter exigentiam et dissertionis materiam. [Lucian]
  • ipse dignatus est Cestriam in sua sorte suscipere [Lucian]
  • bonitati tue creditam Cestriam, uelut Dei castra custodias. [Lucian]
  • De Roma et Cestria: collatio. [Lucian]
  • Cestriam ut defenderet. [Lucian]
  • hic confugium et latibulum. [Lucian]
  • In Roma auctoritas, in Cestria affectus. [Lucian]
  • ut ciuitas Cestria, quae tanti ducis antiquitus templum sibi struxit in terris, patrocinantis affectum experiatur in celis. [Lucian]
  • quatinus a uentis quattuor pie nobis et prouide consulentes, consolationem gratie et protectionem custodie optineant sedi sue et ciuitati nostre, [Lucian]
  • In Cestria est euidens in plateis. [Lucian]
  • uolentem aliquid reponere ad competenciam loci et ciuium caritatem. [Lucian]
  • habet plures alios nostra ciuitas ex munere Saluatoris uigiles idoneos et excellentes, [Lucian]
  • assumeret sibi contra maliciam aquilonis seruatorem Jacobum apostolum [Lucian]
  • Edes denique memorata uelut Dei castra fouet in Cestria, [Lucian]
  • eo dulcius in suo ministerio Cestriam complectitur et custodit. [Lucian]
  • Haec de quatuor portis tuis pingenda credidi, ciuitas Cestria, [Lucian]
  • Dormis dilectissima ciuitas ad spectaculum; [Lucian]
  • Iustissime igitur atque pulcherrime apud nostram Cestriam, pro sua matre matri Domini quasi refundens uicem suae in Christo familie, inspirauit Iohannes Baptista consuetudinem, [Lucian]
  • Semel, sepe, semper: unum montanis Iudee, alterum Cestrie, tercium in eternitate. [Lucian]
  • Nam progressus paululum a ciuitate si directus incedit, [Lucian]
  • Illud etiam omnimodis attendatur, quod uelut simplex et originale quoddam rei uocabulum lingua Saxonica, Cestria, ciuitas dicitur, [Lucian]
  • nostra Cestria nomen resonet maternum, magnificum, singulare. [Lucian]
  • secundum nomen suum ciuitatis uocabulo digna, [Lucian]
  • that, some months ago, with the exacting rigour of your rich mind, you explained to me the three syllables of the city in three ways., [Lucian]
  • Cestria has three syllables. [Lucian]
  • I then began to interpret for myself the trisyllabic name of your city, [Lucian]
  • Our city is trisyllabic, therefore we may explain it in this manner. [Lucian]
  • the principal place of the province, insofar as I might shiningly commend it with praise to men and with prayer to God. [Lucian]
  • Chester is better known to natives, but rewards assiduous investigation. [Lucian]
  • who first established your city, [Lucian]
  • The first interpretation of Cestria : a learned bishop, a generous archdeacon, a shining clergy. [Lucian]
  • The second interpretation of Cestria . [Lucian]
  • Accordingly, enjoying the long advantage of divine favour, Chester exhibits herself triply: [Lucian]
  • if invasion by enemies, an assault on the city, or the expulsion of the people terrifies and confuses, [Lucian]
  • we come to the third interpretation of the name of our Chester. [Lucian]
  • even now feeds our Chester, [Lucian]
  • But lest I stray even further and obscure everything, here is the third threefold meaning of the name Cestria : [Lucian]
  • The third interpretation of Cestria . [Lucian]
  • Chester should eat her bread joyfully, [Lucian]
  • Chester is primarily a place to live [Lucian]
  • Concerning the site of Chester. [Lucian]
  • Chester is a mirror for herself. [Lucian]
  • Chester has four gates corresponding to the four winds: [Lucian]
  • Meanwhile God has given our Chester an enriching river, which follows the line of the city walls and teems beautifully with fish, [Lucian]
  • Chester also has two perfectly straight streets intersecting like the blessed cross, [Lucian]
  • Concerning the streets of Chester [Lucian]
  • It is also worth understanding how fittingly it is that, all things being equal, a marketplace for the selling of things should be placed in the middle of the city, [Lucian]
  • Chester, recognise the treasure-house of grace which has been entrusted to your loving care! [Lucian]
  • O beloved city, weigh carefully the kindness of your eternal father, [Lucian]
  • Our city, as we said, is protected by four holy guardians: from the east by the merciful precursor of the Lord; from the west by the powerful doorkeeper of heaven; from the north by the watchful beauty of the Virgin; from the south by the marvellous renown of the Angel. [Lucian]
  • Many devoted saints serve Chester, but four are placed, according to their abilities, where protection is most required. [Lucian]
  • is fit to defend Chester from his position [Lucian]
  • and guard Chester, as if it were God's fortress, with your goodness. [Lucian]
  • Concerning Rome and Chester: a comparison. [Lucian]
  • Chesterso that he might defend her. [Lucian]
  • here in dens of sanctuary. [Lucian]
  • In Rome, he has authority; in Chester, goodwill. [Lucian]
  • so that the city of Chester, which long ago built a temple for the great leader on earth, can anticipate his goodwill in heaven. [Lucian]
  • since, piously and foresightedly guarding us from the four winds, they provide for our city, their seat, the consolation of grace and the reassurance of guardianship, [Lucian]
  • when I should offer something in exchange for the beauty of the city and the generosity of the citizens. [Lucian]
  • the Saviour has provided our city with many other qualified guardians [Lucian]
  • The monastery, like a divine fortress, keeps those in Chester warm; [Lucian]
  • and may thereby more sweetly hold and guard Chester according to his office. [Lucian]
  • I have judged these four gates worth depicting, O city of Chester, [Lucian]
  • You sleep through this spectacle, beloved city; [Lucian]
  • Therefore, thanking Christ for the fortune of his family like his mother thanking the mother of the Lord, John the Baptist very properly and beautifully established a custom in Chester, [Lucian]
  • Once, often, always: the first in little-known Judah, the second in Chester, the third in eternity. [Lucian]
  • For if he walks a little way directly out of the city, [Lucian]
  • Even the Saxon word for the place, which is Cestria, meaning city, should be heeded in every possible way, [Lucian]
  • the name of our Chester resounds maternally, magnificently and uniquely. [Lucian]
  • The city is a shelter for the Irish, an day trip for the Welsh and a provisioner for the English, [Lucian]
  • non solum Romanam ante se cathedram et imperium, [Lucian]
  • not only of the papal seat and Christendom [Lucian]
  • a oriente prospectat Indiam; [Lucian]
  • Ecce enim ciuitatem nostram, ut predictum est, sanctis seruatoribus uelut quadruplici sorte commissam, ab oriente suscepit clementia Domini Precursoris; ab occidente celestis potencia Ianitoris; ad aquilonem uigil Virginis pulcritudo; ad meridiem mira Angeli claritudo. [Lucian]
  • De porta Iohannis. [Lucian]
  • unus in specula, altus in cathedra, [Lucian]
  • Michi obtigit ad custodiam porta solis, [Lucian]
  • Set iam duabus portis, Iohannis et Petri, uidelicet orientali et occidentali , utcumque pertactis, [Lucian]
  • portam suam [Lucian]
  • Iohannes uigilat ab oriente ut felicitas oriatur, [Lucian]
  • exeunti portam orientalem, qualiter ei trinus uiarum trames aperitur [Lucian]
  • from the East it looks towards India; [Lucian]
  • Our city, as we said, is protected by four holy guardians: from the east by the merciful precursor of the Lord; from the west by the powerful doorkeeper of heaven; from the north by the watchful beauty of the Virgin; from the south by the marvellous renown of the Angel. [Lucian]
  • Concerning John's Gate. [Lucian]
  • - one on the watchtower, the other in the bishop's throne - [Lucian]
  • It falls to me to guard the sun's gate, [Lucian]
  • But now, having thoroughly discussed both St John's East Gate and St Peter's West Gate, [Lucian]
  • his gate [Lucian]
  • John watches from the east so that goodness might spring forth, [Lucian]
  • leaving the East Gate, how three roads are presented to him [Lucian]
  • scilicet ex insula Hibernorum, ex uicinia Britonum, ex prouincia Anglorum. [Lucian]
  • Qui olim discidiis et odiis amaris Britanniam in Angliam mutauerunt, [Lucian]
  • qualiter assidue uel in Hiberniam recedentes, uel in Angliam reuertentes ibi suaue capiant refrigerium, [Lucian]
  • from Ireland, from the Welsh Marches and from the shires of England. [Lucian]
  • The English once subsumed Wales into England causing bitter discord and hatred [Lucian]
  • Pulcre igitur ab orientalis introitu platee, paululum separatus in latus austri qui olim fugit in terris tumultum populi, uere uacans et uidens quam suauis est Dominus, diligenter attendit ortum sideris matutini, quod de uirginali talamo procedens, spiritu et sanguine nobis oriri complacuit, precursor eiusdem sideris, Iohannis Baptista preciosus propheticis, meritis et predulcibus, uenerabilis nimium et preclarus. [Lucian]
  • Therefore John the Baptist, prophetic and virtuous, venerable and illustrious, who once fled the tumult of society and went into the wilderness, who watched the rise of the morning star, seeing how charming the Lord was, appearing from the virgin womb, who pleased to pray for us with his spirit and his blood, is beautifully located on the south side of the head of the street heading east. [Lucian]
  • Nempe apud Nazareth Galilee, olim saluata ab archangelo, [Lucian]
  • Certainly at Nazareth in Galilee, having been greeted by the Archangel Gabriel [Lucian]
  • et a meridiano latere receptorium nauium ab Aquitania, Hispania, Hibernia, Germania uenientium, [Lucian]
  • and, in the south, a port for ships coming from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany, [Lucian]
  • Qui cum habeat patronos plures et precipuos de potentissimis paradisi, [Lucian]
  • uel sanctis in amenitate celi et regno Dei cum requie dormitantibus; [Lucian]
  • Et quantum arbitror, plures sunt populi sub axe poli, quibus ignota est Cestria, [Lucian]
  • Nimirum ad exemplum panis eterni de celo uenientis, [Lucian]
  • Potentes quippe nimis in aula Regis predare sufficiunt ad auxilium carceris. [Lucian]
  • Qui feliciter cum Deo regnant in monte, [Lucian]
  • potens in aula Regis, pius et misericors ad incolas pulueris, [Lucian]
  • ut pro suscepto ministerio coram Dei iudiciaria sede, facilius ambo simul infirmas actiones ciuium excusarent, fortius ulciones auerterent, fecundius gratiam impetrarent. [Lucian]
  • et arras iam, ut uidetur, diuine bonitatis adepti, laborum suorum tesauros, ad celestia transtulerunt. [Lucian]
  • quem portarium ante fecerat celestis curie, [Lucian]
  • ut ciuitas Cestria, quae tanti ducis antiquitus templum sibi struxit in terris, patrocinantis affectum experiatur in celis. [Lucian]
  • quam uos ciues eritis in mea ciuitate. [Lucian]
  • Et qui de arce celesti auctore Deo conatus impios eliminauit, [Lucian]
  • quatinus eius gloriosis precibus mereamur in celis, [Lucian]
  • While Chester has many especial patrons from amongst those most powerful in Heaven, [Lucian]
  • or by saints sleeping peacefully in comfort in God's heavenly kingdom; [Lucian]
  • I expect there are many people beneath the arc of heaven who have not heard of Chester [Lucian]
  • Doubtlessly, as with the eternal bread which came from heaven [Lucian]
  • Those who happily rule with God on the mountain, [Lucian]
  • Those who keep us safe in our dusty settlements rejoice in heaven before God's face. [Lucian]
  • powerful in the King's palace, affectionate and merciful to those who live in the dust, [Lucian]
  • so that they might more easily excuse the unfortunate actions of the citizens, more forcibly avert retribution and circulate grace more freely in accordance with the vows they made before God's throne. [Lucian]
  • and now securing their share of heavenly goodness, the reward for their labours, have ascended to heaven. [Lucian]
  • whom he earlier appointed steward of the heavenly court , [Lucian]
  • you will be citizens in my city. [Lucian]
  • He who on God's behalf exiled from the arc of heaven those who rebelled, [Lucian]
  • so that we may earn her glorious prayers in heaven [Lucian]
  • clerum non lucidum quidem set liuore mutuo et libidinum fece, inferni clibano deputandum, [Lucian]
  • muniens a mari, et protector contra portas inferi [Lucian]
  • a clergy not indeed shining but by their mutual envy and impure lust only suited to the hellish furnace, [Lucian]
  • protecting it from the sea, and from the gates of hell . [Lucian]
  • si autem uertitur ad sinistram, uenitur ad locum, quem de latibulis insidiantium, recte dicunt Vallem Demonum. [Lucian]
  • if however he turns to the left, he has come to the place which they rightly call the Valley of Demons, since it is a hiding place for robbers. [Lucian]
  • Immo, si casus abreptum uel uis necessitatis euexerit, forte trans Indiam, [Lucian]
  • a oriente prospectat Indiam; [Lucian]
  • Indeed if a sudden unfortunate necessity carried a man away, perhaps to somewhere beyond India, [Lucian]
  • from the East it looks towards India; [Lucian]
  • scilicet ex insula Hibernorum, ex uicinia Britonum, ex prouincia Anglorum. [Lucian]
  • Nam contra aquilonare cornu Hibernie opposita, [Lucian]
  • ab occidentem Hiberniam; [Lucian]
  • et a meridiano latere receptorium nauium ab Aquitania, Hispania, Hibernia, Germania uenientium, [Lucian]
  • et ne simplex Hibernia fidei sagenis relicta recideret. [Lucian]
  • et a tergo germanam insulam contineret. [Lucian]
  • qualiter assidue uel in Hiberniam recedentes, uel in Angliam reuertentes ibi suaue capiant refrigerium, [Lucian]
  • from Ireland, from the Welsh Marches and from the shires of England. [Lucian]
  • For, set opposite the north coast of Ireland, [Lucian]
  • from the West towards Ireland; [Lucian]
  • and, in the south, a port for ships coming from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany, [Lucian]
  • and Ireland should not escape from the nets of the faith. [Lucian]
  • and, looking backward, he can watch over Ireland. [Lucian]
  • Qui tunc pauit Ierosolimam, [Lucian]
  • super muros tuos Ierusalem constitui custodes [Lucian]
  • He who fed Jerusalem then, [Lucian]
  • Upon they walls, O Jersualem, I have appointed watchmen [Lucian]
  • Semel, sepe, semper: unum montanis Iudee, alterum Cestrie, tercium in eternitate. [Lucian]
  • Once, often, always: the first in little-known Judah, the second in Chester, the third in eternity. [Lucian]
  • Leircestriam quam Britonum rex Leirus constituit, [Lucian]
  • Leicester which Lear, king of the Britons, founded [Lucian]
  • Hoc simul intuendum quam congrue in medio urbis, parili positione cunctorum, forum uoluit esse uenalium rerum, [Lucian]
  • De foro. [Lucian]
  • It is also worth understanding how fittingly it is that, all things being equal, a marketplace for the selling of things should be placed in the middle of the city, [Lucian]
  • Concerning the marketplace. [Lucian]
  • uir eius inclinato capite spiritum emiserit in monte Caluarie. [Lucian]
  • her man will have bowed his head and sent forth his spirit on Mount Calvary. [Lucian]
  • Nempe apud Nazareth Galilee, olim saluata ab archangelo, [Lucian]
  • Certainly at Nazareth in Galilee, having been greeted by the Archangel Gabriel [Lucian]
  • ab aquilone maiorem Normanniam; [Lucian]
  • Ecce enim ciuitatem nostram, ut predictum est, sanctis seruatoribus uelut quadruplici sorte commissam, ab oriente suscepit clementia Domini Precursoris; ab occidente celestis potencia Ianitoris; ad aquilonem uigil Virginis pulcritudo; ad meridiem mira Angeli claritudo. [Lucian]
  • ad Virginis portam deinceps ueniendum est, [Lucian]
  • Incipit de porte Virginis [Lucian]
  • De porta Virginis. [Lucian]
  • portam aquilonis uirginali custodie Deus omnipotens uoluit consignare. [Lucian]
  • De porta Virginis. [Lucian]
  • cognationem exigit porta cum patria, [Lucian]
  • Isti enim simul unius platee duo inicia sortiti, conuenientissime susceperunt asseruandas portas geminas [Lucian]
  • Wereburga ab aquilione ut hostilitas confundatur, [Lucian]
  • from the North to greater Normandy; [Lucian]
  • Our city, as we said, is protected by four holy guardians: from the east by the merciful precursor of the Lord; from the west by the powerful doorkeeper of heaven; from the north by the watchful beauty of the Virgin; from the south by the marvellous renown of the Angel. [Lucian]
  • it is time to discuss the Virgin's gate [Lucian]
  • Now concerning the gate of the Virgin. [Lucian]
  • Concerning the Virgin's Gate [Lucian]
  • Almighty God chose to assign the North Gate to St Werburgh. [Lucian]
  • Concerning the Virgin's Gate. [Lucian]
  • - St Werburgh's gate has a natural connection with the nearby suburb. [Lucian]
  • For, assigned the two entrances to street, they together undertook the preservation of the two gates , [Lucian]
  • Werburgh from the north so that enmity might be confounded, [Lucian]
  • siluis ac pascuis habundantes, [Lucian]
  • richly supplied with woods and meadows [Lucian]
  • et a meridiano latere receptorium nauium ab Aquitania, Hispania, Hibernia, Germania uenientium, [Lucian]
  • and, in the south, a port for ships coming from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany, [Lucian]
  • Habet preterea nostra Cestria ex Dei munere, ditantem atque decorantem amnem secus urbis muros pulchrum atque piscosum, [Lucian]
  • De amne diua. [Lucian]
  • quem marinis fluctibus incumbentem, maris conditor misericorditer euocauit et ministerium tuum mirabiliter permutauit, [Lucian]
  • amne pariter [Lucian]
  • Meanwhile God has given our Chester an enriching river, which follows the line of the city walls and teems beautifully with fish, [Lucian]
  • Concerning the estuary. [Lucian]
  • to you whom the creator of the sea mercifully called forth to control the prevailing tides, marvellously altering your role, [Lucian]
  • and with its river, [Lucian]
  • Rofecestriam, quam teste BEDA, Rof quidam uir primarius antiquitus possedit ac tenuit. [Lucian]
  • and Rochester, which, according to BEDE, a certain chieftain called Rof held in days of yore. [Lucian]
  • legionibus ex longinquo uenientibus receptoria quondam ad repausandum fuit, [Lucian]
  • De Roma et Cestria: collatio. [Lucian]
  • Qui sibi Romam elegit ut dictaret, [Lucian]
  • Ibi consistorium et litigium, [Lucian]
  • In Roma auctoritas, in Cestria affectus. [Lucian]
  • it was once a resting place for legions coming from afar [Lucian]
  • Concerning Rome and Chester: a comparison. [Lucian]
  • He chose Rome so that he might speak to the world, [Lucian]
  • There he is found in the law courts, [Lucian]
  • In Rome, he has authority; in Chester, goodwill. [Lucian]
  • Nam qui, per confidentiam meriti uel contumatiam sullimis ingenii, regiam inter errores medios uiam relinquit, [Lucian]
  • For he who through an obstinate belief in his exalted understanding abandons the royal highway for the uncertainties either side, [Lucian]
  • a meridie eam quam diuina seueritas, ob ciuiles et naturales discordias, Britannis reliquit angularem angustiam. [Lucian]
  • Ecce enim ciuitatem nostram, ut predictum est, sanctis seruatoribus uelut quadruplici sorte commissam, ab oriente suscepit clementia Domini Precursoris; ab occidente celestis potencia Ianitoris; ad aquilonem uigil Virginis pulcritudo; ad meridiem mira Angeli claritudo. [Lucian]
  • Aut de tribus prenominatis si nullus dimittere debuit portam suam , [Lucian]
  • portas geminas [Lucian]
  • Michael a meridie ut eternitas conferatur. [Lucian]
  • from the South to the narrow corner which God's severity left the Welsh to punish their innate rebelliousness. [Lucian]
  • Our city, as we said, is protected by four holy guardians: from the east by the merciful precursor of the Lord; from the west by the powerful doorkeeper of heaven; from the north by the watchful beauty of the Virgin; from the south by the marvellous renown of the Angel. [Lucian]
  • And if none of these three guardians is willing to abandon his gate , [Lucian]
  • the two gates [Lucian]
  • Michael from the south so that eternal life might be earnt. [Lucian]
  • et a meridiano latere receptorium nauium ab Aquitania, Hispania, Hibernia, Germania uenientium, [Lucian]
  • and, in the south, a port for ships coming from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany, [Lucian]
  • ab aquilone pandetur omne malum super faciem uniuerse terre [Lucian]
  • assumeret sibi contra maliciam aquilonis seruatorem Jacobum apostolum [Lucian]
  • from the North shall break forth evil upon all the face of the whole earth [Lucian]
  • scilicet ex insula Hibernorum, ex uicinia Britonum, ex prouincia Anglorum. [Lucian]
  • a meridie eam quam diuina seueritas, ob ciuiles et naturales discordias, Britannis reliquit angularem angustiam. [Lucian]
  • from Ireland, from the Welsh Marches and from the shires of England. [Lucian]
  • from the South to the narrow corner which God's severity left the Welsh to punish their innate rebelliousness. [Lucian]
  • Habet preterea nostra Cestria ex Dei munere, ditantem atque decorantem amnem secus urbis muros pulchrum atque piscosum, [Lucian]
  • Quanta uerborum consequentia, quanta rerum euidentia infra muros Cestrie, [Lucian]
  • Et ipsa enim misterio dulci duas sibi uoluit basilicas infra muros tuos edificari [Lucian]
  • Ante annos paucissimos erumpens extra muros prosiluisti, [Lucian]
  • duas habere memorie sue basilicas diximus infra muros urbis, [Lucian]
  • Meanwhile God has given our Chester an enriching river, which follows the line of the city walls and teems beautifully with fish, [Lucian]
  • How great is the consequence of these words, how true they are within the walls of Chester, [Lucian]
  • As a delightful mystery, she wanted to build for herself two churches within the walls, [Lucian]
  • A very few years ago, you excitedly rushed outside the walls, [Lucian]
  • we said has two churches within the walls dedicated to her memory [Lucian]
  • was happy to establish a third outside the walls [Lucian]
  • ut priores duo unum lignum erigant in porrectum et directum ad lineam ueritatis, [Lucian]
  • in that the former two lay one piece of wood in the straight line of truth [Lucian]
  • siluis ac pascuis habundantes, [Lucian]
  • richly supplied with woods and meadows [Lucian]
  • uerum et orbem prospicit uniuersum, [Lucian]
  • in medio orbis et umbilico terre [Lucian]
  • Deus rex noster ante secula operatus est salutem in medio terre. [Lucian]
  • facile reprimunt uires inimicas in ualle. [Lucian]
  • Ante Dei uultum gloriantur in celestibus qui nos tuendos susceperunt in puluereis sedibus. [Lucian]
  • set institutus ab eterno Domino, ut saluti tocius orbis inuigiles, [Lucian]
  • ut ciuitas Cestria, quae tanti ducis antiquitus templum sibi struxit in terris, patrocinantis affectum experiatur in celis. [Lucian]
  • nichil in terra fit sine causa [Lucian]
  • ab aquilone pandetur omne malum super faciem uniuerse terre [Lucian]
  • propter salutem orbis terrarum, [Lucian]
  • but also sees the whole globe, [Lucian]
  • was formed in the centre of the earth [Lucian]
  • God, our king, created before time our means of salvation in the middle of the earth. [Lucian]
  • readily restrain hostile men in the valley. [Lucian]
  • Those who keep us safe in our dusty settlements rejoice in heaven before God's face. [Lucian]
  • established by the eternal Lord to watch over the health of the entire globe [Lucian]
  • so that the city of Chester, which long ago built a temple for the great leader on earth, can anticipate his goodwill in heaven. [Lucian]
  • nothing upon earth is done without a voice cause [Lucian]
  • from the North shall break forth evil upon all the face of the whole earth [Lucian]
  • and the salvation of the entire world [Lucian]

Poem to the Cross at Chester

  • Gŵr llawir o Gaerlleon [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Llun Duw yng Nghaerlleon deg, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • A’i llywiodd i Gaerlleon, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • a generous man from Chester. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • An appearance of God in fair Chester, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • that steered it to Chester, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Ar bren croes i brynu Cred. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • on a wooden cross to redeem Christendom. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • O nef y daeth yn ufydd, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • From heaven he came meekly, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • to heaven he returned, alive and free, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Y grog drugarog, wiwrym, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Yw’r grog i wŷr a gwragedd. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • The merciful cross, fitting its strength, [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • is the cross towards men and women. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Llanw a’i dug dduw Llun i dir. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • a tide brought it on a Monday to the land. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • Sy grair yn eglwys y grog. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • O law Agla i’w eglwys. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • is a holy relic in the church of the cross. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]
  • from the hand of the Lord to its church. [Poem to the Cross at Chester]

To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower

  • dilyw ar swydd Gaer, dialedd—Saeson, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • holl Siesir distrywied; [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • A flood upon Chester county, Saxon vengeance, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • may he destroy the whole of Cheshire; [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • gwae Gaer o’u geni, goegwyr gwyno, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • a Chaer, amyn iawn a ched, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • Woe to Chester for giving them birth, complaining fools, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • and Chester, besides compensation and tax, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • a dynn ofn hyd yn Nyfed. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • Trwy Ddyfed y try ddeufin, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • who attracts fear as far as Dyfed. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • Through Dyfed he overruns two borders, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • try lwgwr hwnt, trwy Loegr hen. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • he unleashes havoc even further, through old England. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • trwy Wynedd, tarw o Einion, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • through Gwynedd, a bull out of Einion, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • Y ddelw fyw o’r Wyddgrug oedd ddialwr, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • The living image of Mold was the avenger, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • gwiw ddelw’r wirgrog a addolaf. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • I will worship the fine image of the true cross. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • a gwayw Emrys i Gymru. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • and the spear of Ambrosius for Wales. [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • tryw’r Mars, mae trywyr am un, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]
  • through the March, three men to one, [To Reinallt ap Gruffudd ap Bleddyn of the Tower]

Satire on the Men of Chester

  • hyd ar gwr y Felallt; [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • as far as the border of Beeston; [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • ym Moel-y-Wyddfa neu ym Mleddfach. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • in Moel-y-Wyddfa or Bleddfach. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • y Gaer grach a’i gwŷr a gryn. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Crynodd Caer Lleon rhag Rheinallt—a’i wŷr [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • ymhob mangre yng Nghaer Lleon [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Duw llun y mudais o’m delli—i Gaer, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Archaf am dref Gaer a’i maer a’i mach [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Y dwfr a’u boddo tra fo tref iach, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Ni bu faer yng Nghaer anghywirach, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Tref yw Caer Lleon mewn tir afiach, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • of scabby Chester, and her men tremble. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Chester trembled before Rheinallt and his men [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • in every place in Chester [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • On Monday, because of my blindness, I moved to Chester: [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • From the town of Chester and her mayor and her guarantor, I seek [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • If only the water would drown them while the town stays safe, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • No mayor in Chester has been more untrustworthy, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • Chester is a town in an unwholesome land, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • na rhai cyn frynted o wŷr haeach—Cred, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • nor scarcely any men in Christendom so surly, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • ond yr eglwysau yn dir glasach. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • but let the churches stay in a greener land. [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • tref ddwys yn cynnwys gwerin Connach, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • a depressing town containing folk from Connacht, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • na gwragedd Llundain garnbuteiniach, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • nor women of London more like notorious whores, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • crynen’ wrth ffo i’r Wenallt, [Satire on the Men of Chester]
  • they trembled as they fled to the Gwenallt, [Satire on the Men of Chester]

Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester

  • Ger bron Caer Llion a’i llas. [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • killed him near Chester. [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Awn i’w ofyn i nefoedd. [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • and I would go to claim him for heaven [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Mae aur ar bridd Mair o’r bryn. [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • there is gold on the grave at Mary on the Hill. [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Yn iach canu’n Uwch Conwy, [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Acw o Wynedd uwch Conwy, [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Singing lustily in Uwch Conwy, [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]
  • Over there from Gwynedd Uwch Conwy, [Elegy for a Poet killed near Chester]

A man going to Chester on an errand

  • Od ai di i Gaer, arch i’r maer roi imi gyllell; [A man going to Chester on an errand]
  • If you go to Chester, ask the mayor to give me a knife; [A man going to Chester on an errand]

Satire on Chester beer

  • naws cwrw Caer, nis câr ci! [Satire on Chester beer]
  • The flavour of Chester s beer – a dog wouldn’t touch it! [Satire on Chester beer]
  • naws dŵr tair afon y trefi , [Satire on Chester beer]
  • trefi [Satire on Chester beer]

To William Herbert

  • Nâd i Fôn fyned i fâr. [To William Herbert]
  • Cwnstabl o Farnstabl i Fôn. [To William Herbert]
  • nor give Anglesey up to wrath. [To William Herbert]
  • lord from Barnstaple to Anglesey, [To William Herbert]
  • Cwnstabl o Farnstabl i Fôn. [To William Herbert]
  • lord from Barnstaple to Anglesey, [To William Herbert]
  • Gwna’n un o Gonwy i Nedd. [To William Herbert]
  • make one land from Conwy to Neath. [To William Herbert]
  • O digia Lloegr a’i dugiaid, [To William Herbert]
  • If England and its dukes are angered, [To William Herbert]
  • Na phlant Hors yn y Fflint hen. [To William Herbert]
  • nor Horsa’s offspring into old Flint; [To William Herbert]
  • Trwy Wynedd y trywenynt. [To William Herbert]
  • Dewiniais y caud Wynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • Trwy Wynedd fel taranau. [To William Herbert]
  • Dy genedl, Deau a Gwynedd. [To William Herbert]
  • Darnio Gwynedd a’i dyrnu. [To William Herbert]
  • Gwynedd fal Pedr y gwenyn. [To William Herbert]
  • Na friw Wynedd yn franar, [To William Herbert]
  • Nâd trwy Wynedd blant Ronwen [To William Herbert]
  • Dwg Forgannwg a Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • they thrust their way through Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • I foresaw you would take Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • through Gwynedd like thunderclaps. [To William Herbert]
  • Your people, the South and Gwynedd. [To William Herbert]
  • tearing Gwynedd and beating it. [To William Herbert]
  • Kill not the hawks of Gwynned who make [To William Herbert]
  • Do not destroy Gwynedd until its laid waste, [To William Herbert]
  • Do not allow Ronwen’s children through Gwynedd. [To William Herbert]
  • take Morgannwg and Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • Pe ceisiech Harddlech, o chaid. [To William Herbert]
  • Uwch Harddlech mwy no chorddlan. [To William Herbert]
  • if you attacked Harlech, to have it. [To William Herbert]
  • Its deep ditches above Harlech [To William Herbert]
  • Dwg Forgannwg a Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • take Morgannwg and Gwynedd, [To William Herbert]
  • Gwna’n un o Gonwy i Nedd. [To William Herbert]
  • make one land from Conwy to Neath. [To William Herbert]
  • Ban friwyd wal Benfro deg? [To William Herbert]
  • when fair Pembroke’s wall was broken? [To William Herbert]
  • Tir âr y gwnaut Eryri. [To William Herbert]
  • you would make Snowdonia into arable land. [To William Herbert]
  • Tri llu aeth o Gymru gynt, [To William Herbert]
  • Cymru a dry yn dy raid. [To William Herbert]
  • Three warbands went into Wales, [To William Herbert]
  • Wales will be there in your need. [To William Herbert]